Typical scenario

Dictated text: whose writing is being compared?

If a disputed explanation was taken down by a secretary, its punctuation may reflect the recorder rather than the speaker. Several explanations may be possible, so the specific materials are examined in full, preserving information about their provenance and preparation conditions. The proposition to be tested is defined before comparative assessment of the features.

What needs to be clarified

The task is to assess the separate linguistic contributions of speaker and recorder, distinguishing observed features from their interpretation. The assessment must consider the suitability of each item and whether the grounds for the proposed conclusion can be checked.

Materials to prepare

  • Complete dictation audio with subsequent clarifications
  • Secretary’s initial transcription and final explanation
  • Independent extended texts by both participants from a similar period

What to compare

Compare the dictation recording with the text, marking self-corrections, rearrangements and added connectors; compare vocabulary and syntax separately from punctuation. Every significant feature is linked to a specific part of the material. Similarities and differences are assessed together, considering alternative explanations and the limitations of the examination method.

Possible outcome of the analysis

A possible deliverable is a provenance map of linguistic features, with verifiable examples and reasons for the assessment. Unresolved questions and additional examinations needed are stated separately, without promising an answer in advance.

Limits of the conclusions

Dictation does not establish independent creation of every formulation. Conclusions are confined to the examined items and stated conditions; insufficient features require an explicit finding that the relevant question cannot be resolved.

Authorship examination: a text's author, anonymous messages, correspondence and expert report reviews
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